Manifestaciones clínicas y complicaciones de la Neuropatía Autonómica y Sensorial Hereditaria Tipo II / Clinical manifestations and complications of Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type II / Manifestações clínicas e complicações da Neuropatia Autonômica e Sensorial Hereditária Tipo II

Resumen La percepción del dolor es una respuesta adaptativa ante la presencia de eventos dañinos y potencialmente fatales. La Insensibilidad Congénita al Dolor, Neuropatía Autonómica y Sensorial Hereditaria Tipo II, o Síndrome de Morvan de causa desconocida, es una afección en la que se produce una pérdida de la discriminación de las señales dolorosas, así como de la respuesta emocional-afectiva. Debido a esto, la persona afectada no evade los estímulos dolorosos y, en consecuencia, puede infligirse daño a sí mismo. Incluso, durante el tratamiento de dichas lesiones pueden producir complicaciones graves como se describe en el desarrollo del presente caso clínico. Este síndrome es muy raro, de ahí la importancia de dar a conocer las complicaciones que pueden ocurrir con el fin de que la comunidad médica detecte a tiempo a este tipo de pacientes. Este reporte de caso muestra el seguimiento durante diez años de un paciente femenino con diagnóstico de Neuropatía Autonómica y Sensorial Hereditaria Tipo II. La paciente tuvo ingresos repetidos en los servicios de salud por procesos infecciosos en la cavidad bucal que involucró a múltiples órganos dentales, evolucionando a osteomielitis, por lo que tuvo que recurrirse a la mandibulectomía, incluso después de que se sometió a varios tratamientos farmacológicos. A pesar de los esfuerzos por mantener a la paciente con la mejor calidad de vida posible, este caso muestra que un diagnóstico tardío conduce a un pronóstico y condición de vida desfavorables.

Abstract The perception of pain is an adaptive response to the presence of harmful and potentially fatal events. Congenital insensitivity to pain, Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type II or Morvan syndrome of unknown cause, is a condition in which there is a loss of discrimination of the painful signals, as well as the emotional-affective response. Due to this, the person, that suffering this disorder, does not evade the painful stimuli and, consequently, can inflict damage to himself or herself. Even during the treatment of such lesions can produce serious complications as described in the development of the present clinical case. This syndrome is very rare, hence the importance of publicizing the complications that may occur in order for the medical community to detect this type of patients as soon as possible. This case report shows the follow-up of a female patient with Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type II for ten years. The patient has had several admissions to the hospital, due to infectious processes in the oral cavity that involved multiple dental organs, evolving to osteomyelitis, and for this reason, the mandibulectomy must performed in the patient; even after she underwent several pharmacological treatments. Despite the efforts to maintain the patient with the best possible quality of life, this case shows that a late diagnosis lead to an unfavorable prognosis and life condition for patients suffering from this genetic anomaly.

Resumo A percepção da dor é uma resposta adaptativa à presença de eventos potencialmente fatais e prejudiciais. A insensibilidade congênita à dor, neuropatia autonômica e sensorial hereditária tipo II, ou síndrome de Morvan de causa desconhecida, é uma condição na qual há perda de discriminação de sinais dolorosos e resposta emocional-emocional. Por esse motivo, a pessoa afetada não evita estímulos dolorosos e, consequentemente, danos podem ser infligidos a si mesma. Mesmo durante o tratamento das referidas lesões, elas podem produzir complicações graves, como descrito no desenvolvimento do presente caso clínico. Essa síndrome é muito rara, daí a importância de divulgar as complicações que podem ocorrer para que a comunidade médica detecte esse tipo de paciente a tempo. Este relato de caso mostra o seguimento de dez anos de uma paciente com diagnóstico de Neuropatia hereditária autonômica e sensorial tipo II. A paciente repetiu internações nos serviços de saúde por processos infecciosos na cavidade bucal que envolviam múltiplos órgãos dentários, evoluindo para osteomielite e, portanto, precisou recorrer à mandibulectomia, mesmo após vários tratamentos farmacológicos. Apesar dos esforços para manter o paciente com a melhor qualidade de vida possível, este caso mostra que um diagnóstico tardio leva a um prognóstico e condição de vida desfavoráveis.

Treatment Eligibility and Therapeutic Responses of an Ecuadorian Population at High Cardiovascular Risk Based on the ATP III Guidelines

Abstract Background The Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) guidelines aim to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In Ecuador, 20% of people have high LDL cholesterol levels, and 39% have high triglyceride levels. Objective To analyze lipid-lowering regimens in Ecuadorian patients and determine the achievement rate of the ATPIII goals for lipid profile. Methods Using a retrospective analysis, 385 subjects older than 30 years, who received pharmacological treatment for dyslipidemia for at least three months was randomly selected from institutions at two large cities in Ecuador. Data were collected from patients' medical records and analyzed by chi-square test or paired t-test; p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results Baseline total cholesterol values were above 200 mg/dL in 75% of subjects, LDL-c values above 129 mg/dL in 83% of subjects and triglycerides values above 150 mg/dL in 79% of subjects. Most (n = 253, 95.8%) patients at very high cardiovascular risk were taking statins, 50% of them atorvastatin. Considering the ATPIII guidelines' goals, only 24 subjects (19%) at high CV risk achieved an LDL-c < 100 mg/dl, while a significantly lower percentage (p = 0.04) of patients at very high risk reached an LDL-c < 70mg/dl (11%; n = 30). Conclusion These data indicate a low rate of compliance with the ATPIII guidelines, independent of the medication used or duration of the treatment. This may be attributed to the prescription of low doses of medication and a therapy targeting isolated lipid fractions rather than a complete lipid profile. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; 33(4):371-376)

Modelo bioecológico para o autocontrole do consumo de álcool e qualidade de vida no trabalho / Bioecological model for the self-control of alcohol consumption and quality of work life / Modelo bioecológico para el autocontrol del consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida laboral

OBJETIVO: a proposta do estudo foi derivar a "The Ecology of Human Development" para explicar o autocontrole do consumo de álcool e a qualidade da vida profissional a partir da abordagem da enfermagem. MÉTODO: análise e aplicação da metodologia que inclui cinco etapas principais. RESULTADOS: construção do modelo bioecológico para autocontrole do consumo de álcool e qualidade de vida no local de trabalho. CONCLUSÕES: o desenvolvimento do modelo pode favorecer a identificação e geração de campos de ação que sejam úteis na prática dos enfermeiros com base científica para prevenir ou reduzir o consumo de álcool no local de trabalho.

OBJECTIVE: the purpose of the study was to derive "The Ecology of Human Development" to explain the self-control of alcohol consumption and quality of work life from the nursing approach. METHOD: Analysis and application of the methodology which includes five main steps. RESULTS: Bioecological model for self-control of alcohol consumption and quality of life in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS: the development of the model can favor identifying and generating fields of action that are useful in the practice of nurses with a scientific basis to prevent or reduce the consumption of alcohol in the workplace.

OBJETIVO: el propósito del estudio fue derivar "The Ecology of Human Development" para explicar el autocontrol del consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida laboral desde el enfoque de enfermería. MÉTODO: análisis y aplicación de la metodología la cual contempla cinco pasos principales. RESULTADOS: construcción del modelo Bioecológico para el autocontrol del consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida en el área laboral. CONCLUSIONES: el desarrollo del modelo puede favorecer identificar y generar campos de acción que sean útiles en la práctica del enfermero con fundamento científico para prevenir o disminuir el consumo de alcohol en el área laboral.

Afectación de la salud oral en niños que padecen maltrato infantil: reporte de caso / Impact of oral health in children with child abuse: a case report

El maltrato infantil es una patología de la cual se tienen registros desde las civilizaciones antiguas como la griega y egipcia; pero es hasta 1924 que se firma la declaración de Ginebra: Derechos de la infancia, siendo el IX derecho: No al Maltrato. En México se tiene registro de maltrato infantil desde hace 20 años. Se ha tipificado el maltrato infantil en dos grandes rubros: activo y pasivo, la negligencia odontológica es clasificado como maltrato pasivo, por lo tanto el odontólogo (en especial el Odontopediatra) debe prestar atención al hacer la inspección clínica y elaboración de historia clínica del paciente, para encontrar indicios de maltrato infantil y llevar a cabo la atención de estos pacientes con adecuado manejo de su conducta, la cual puede ser variable dependiendo el tipo de maltrato que ha sufrido. Las consecuencias del maltrato en cavidad oral son múltiples y pueden manifestarse a corto, largo y mediano plazo. En este artículo se presenta un caso clínico de maltrato por abandono, negligencia odontológica y las consecuencias que éste tuvo en la salud oral y general de la paciente.

Child abuse is a disease for which there are records from ancient civilizations like the Greek and Egyptian, but until 1924 when the Geneva Declaration was signed: Children's rights: No to Abuse. In Mexico records of child abuse have been kept for the last 20 years. It has classified child abuse into two major categories: active and passive, dental malpractice liability is classified as child abuse therefore the dentist (especially the pediatric dentist) should pay attention to realize a clinical inspection and preparation of patient history, for signs of child abuse, and carry out the care of these patients with adequate management of their behavior, which can vary depending on the type of abuse the child has suffered. The consequences of abuse in oral cavity are multiple and can occur at short, medium and long term. This article presents a case of abuse by dental neglect and the consequences that this has on oral health, and therefore on the general health of the patient.